Synesthesia: Seeing Music as Color
For some people, a piano note can be red, and a drum beat can be blue. Discover how synesthesia, a neurological condition, transforms music into a visual feast and influences the creativity of artists.
Synesthesia is a condition where the stimulation of one sense involuntarily triggers a perception in another sense. One of its most common types is "chromesthesia," where sounds are associated with colors. For a synesthete, the note C might always be red, a violin sound bright yellow, or a sad melody in shades of dark blue. This is not a metaphor or an artistic comparison; it is a real, consistent, and automatic perception.
This condition is thought to be caused by extra neural connections or "cross-wiring" between sensory processing centers of the brain that are normally separate. Thus, an auditory stimulus can also create a response in the visual cortex, leading to the perception of color. The experience of each synesthetic individual is unique; a song might be in shades of purple and green for one person, while it could carry entirely different colors for another.
In music history, there are many artists known to have had this ability. The Russian composer Alexander Scriabin associated his works with specific colors so strongly that he even designed a special instrument called a "clavier à lumières" (light keyboard) to project colors onto a screen for his symphony "Prometheus: The Poem of Fire." For him, each musical key had its own color.
In the modern music world, many artists have revealed that they have synesthesia. Names like Pharrell Williams, Billie Eilish, and Lorde have stated that colors play an important role in their creative processes. Pharrell mentioned in an interview that he sees music as colors and shapes, stating that a rhythm could be "burgundy" or a chord could be "like glass."
For these artists, synesthesia is not a hindrance but, on the contrary, a powerful creative tool. When composing or arranging a song, they can think of sound layers like colors on a painter's canvas. When they "see" that one color does not match another, they can understand that the frequency of one instrument is "muddying" another. This provides them with an intuitive guide to balance and structure the musical composition.
Billie Eilish has said that if she cannot visualize the world of a song in her mind, she cannot connect with that song. For her, every song has a color, a texture, a temperature, and a shape. This visual world influences her entire artistic vision, from the song's music video to the stage design.
Synesthesia reminds us how personal and subjective perception is. Of two people listening to the same music, one might only hear the notes, while the other might experience a symphony of color and light in their mind. This is living proof of how what we call "reality" is constructed differently in our brains.
For those of us who are not synesthetic, it can be difficult to fully understand this experience. However, we all use color metaphors to describe music. We say "a sad blues song" or that a melody is "bright and cheerful." This suggests that the universal connection between sound and emotion finds a neurological equivalent in synesthesia.
This condition is also thought to have a strong link to creativity. It has been observed that synesthetic individuals are better at metaphorical thinking, the ability to make unexpected connections between different ideas. These extra connections in their brains may contribute to them being more creative and innovative.
The effort to transform this personal color palette in an artist's mind into a universal musical work that all listeners can feel is one of the most fascinating aspects of the creative process.
Synesthesia shows that our senses are not separated by rigid boundaries as we might think, but are fluid networks in constant communication with each other in the depths of our brain.
Try closing your eyes while listening to a song and imagining what color that music would be if it had one. Perhaps you can open the door to your own inner synesthetic experience.
This neurological wonder is the most poetic proof that music can be an art not only for the ears but also for the eyes and the soul. For some, music is not just listened to; it is also watched.